Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezakhiwo kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa izibuthe ze-neodymium. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bangozibuthe abanamandla abangapheli abadlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yezobuchwepheshe nezimboni. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula kuqala izimiso eziyisisekelo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kazibuthe be-neodymium, futhi sixoxe ngokujulile ngomthelela wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulinganisa kanye nenqubo ye-sintering ekusebenzeni kwezibuthe ze-neodymium. Ngokuhlola izinkomba zokusebenza ezahlukene nezindlela zokuhlola, sizogxila ekutheni i-neodymium magnet inomsebenzi oqine kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizophinde sixoxe ngezitayela zakamuva zentuthuko kanye nenqubekela phambili yamagnetic we-neodymium ukuze sibheke phambili ekuthuthukisweni kozibuthe be-neodymium esikhathini esizayo. Ngokufunda lesi sihloko, sizothola ukuqonda okuphelele okwengeziwe ngezinzuzo namandla okusebenza kazibuthe we-neodymium.

Ⅰ.Izimiso Eziyisisekelo zeizibuthe ezinkulu ze-neodymium

A. Ukwakheka Nokwakheka Kwama-Neodymium Magnets

1. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bakhiwe ngezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba i-neodymium (Nd) ne-iron (Fe), nezinye izakhi ezisizayo njenge-boron (B) nomoya-mpilo (O). Isilinganiso nesilinganiso salezi zakhi sinomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezibuthe ze-neodymium.

2. Ozibuthe be-Neodymium ngokuvamile balungiswa ngenqubo ye-powder metallurgy, okokuqala izinto eziyimpushana ziyaxutshwa futhi zicindezelwe zibe yisimo esifisayo, bese izimpushana zigaywa zibe okuqinile ngenqubo yokucwilisa.

3. Isakhiwo sikazibuthe we-neodymium singaba ibhulokhi, isilinda, indandatho, njll., futhi umumo othize uncike ezidingweni zensimu yesicelo.

B. Izakhiwo Zezibuthe Zezibuthe Ze-Neodymium

1. Umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu:

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe ophakeme kakhulu, okubenza basetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni enjengamamotho, amajeneretha nezinkumbulo kazibuthe. Umkhiqizo wamandla aphezulu usho ukuthi uzibuthe we-neodymium ungakha insimu enamandla kazibuthe futhi ugcine amandla engeziwe.

2. Ukuqina okuphezulu nokuphoqelela okuphezulu:

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banokuvuselelwa okuphezulu kanye nokuphoqwa okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi bagcina ukuzibuthe okuqinile ngemva kokukhishwa kwenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle. Lokhu kwenza omazibuthe be-neodymium bakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe azinzile kumamotho kagesi namajeneretha.

3. Ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal:

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banokuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal futhi bangagcina izakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kwenza ozibuthe be-neodymium babe nenzuzo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njengezimoto zikagesi, izijeneretha zamandla omoya, njll.

4. Ukungeniswa kokugcwala okukhulu kazibuthe:

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium banokufakwa kukazibuthe okugcwala okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe aphezulu ngevolumu encane. Lokhu kwenza izibuthe ze-neodymium zisetshenziswe kumishini emincane namamotho amancane. Ngokuqonda ukwakheka nesakhiwo seizacile neodymium indandatho ozibuthe, kanye nezakhiwo zawo kazibuthe, singasebenzisa kangcono izinzuzo zozibuthe be-neodymium futhi sizuze ukusebenza okungcono ezinkambini zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukene.

Ⅱ.Ngakho-ke, yiluphi uhlobo lukazibuthe we-neodymium oluqine kakhulu

A. Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kwezinto ezihlukene nezinhlobo zikazibuthe:

1. Ozibuthe be-NdFeB (NdFeB):

Ozibuthe be-NdFeB njengamanje bangenye yezinto zikazibuthe eziqine kakhulu, ezinomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe ophakeme kakhulu kanye nokungeniswa kukazibuthe kokugcwala. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumamotho, amajeneretha, izinkumbulo kazibuthe neminye imikhakha.

2. Uzibuthe we-Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19):

Uzibuthe we-Barium ferrite uyinto evamile kazibuthe unomphela ene-remanence ephezulu namandla aphoqelelayo. Nakuba umkhiqizo wayo wamandla uphansi kakhulu, usadlala indima ebalulekile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, njengezipikha, amabhuleki kazibuthe, njll.

3. Uzibuthe we-cobalt neodymium (CoNd₂):

I-Cobalt neodymium uzibuthe iyingxube yensimbi engajwayelekile yokuguquka komhlaba enezakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe. Ibonakala ngamandla amakhulu okuphoqelela nokuzinza kokushisa, okulungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi akulula ukugqwala.

B. Isibonelo sokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa:

1. Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kukazibuthe:

Ngokuhlola amapharamitha afana nomkhiqizo wamandla, ukuvuselela kabusha, amandla okuphoqelela kanye nokungeniswa kwamagnetic kwamagnetic ahlukene we-neodymium, ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kokusebenza kungenziwa. Qhathanisa ukusebenza kozibuthe be-NdFeB, omagnet be-Barium Ferrite kanye nozibuthe be-Cobalt Neodymium, futhi uhlole izinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi ezindaweni ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.

2. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamacala okufaka isicelo:

khetha izimo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile, njengezinjini, amajeneretha, indawo yokugcina kazibuthe, njll., sebenzisa izinto ezihlukile zikazibuthe ze-neodymium, futhi wenze ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo. Qhathanisa umehluko wabo wokusebenza ekukhishweni kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokunye okwengeziwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko nezinzuzo:

Uma ucabangela izici ezifana nezindleko zempahla nobunzima bokucubungula, hlola izindleko-inzuzo yezinto ezihlukene zikazibuthe we-neodymium. Qhathanisa ukusebenza kwabo nebhalansi yezindleko ukuze unqume uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwezibuthe ze-neodymium zohlelo oluthile. Ngokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa izibonelo, umehluko wokusebenza phakathi koozibuthe be-neodymium abahlukene ungaqondwa ngokugcwele, futhi kunganikezwa isiqondiso sokukhetha uzibuthe we-neodymium ofaneleka kakhulu wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Ⅲ.Ukubaluleka kozibuthe be-neodymium

A. I-Neodymium iron boron magnet (NdFeB) iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sikazibuthe esinezici ezilandelayo zokusebenza kanye nezinzuzo:

1. Umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu:

Umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe wezibuthe ze-NdFeB uphakeme kakhulu, ongenakuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zikazibuthe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe anamandla ngosayizi nesisindo esifanayo.

2. Amandla amakhulu okuphoqa:

Ozibuthe be-NdFeB banekhono eliqinile lokuphazanyiswa kwensimu ye-anti-magnetic namandla amakhulu okuphoqa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukugcina izakhiwo ezizinzile zamagnetic ngisho nangaphansi kokuphazanyiswa kwamandla kazibuthe angaphandle.

3. Ukuzinza okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa:

Ozibuthe be-NdFeB basengagcina izakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ine-coefficient ephansi yezinga lokushisa futhi ingakwazi ukwamukela ububanzi bezinga lokushisa elibanzi lokusebenza.

4. Amajamo namasayizi ahlukahlukene:

Ozibuthe be-NdFeB bangenziwa ngaphakathiizimo ezihlukahlukenenamasayizi ngokuya ngezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo.

B. Amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo wezibuthe ze-neodymium ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

1. Thuthukisa umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe namandla aphoqayo:

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kozibuthe be-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise umkhiqizo wabo wamandla kazibuthe namandla aphoqelelayo, kubenze badlale indima ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.

2. Thuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-thermal:

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bathambekele ekulahlekelweni yizibuthe kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kazibuthe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, enye yezinkomba zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwazo ezishisayo ukuze zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziphakeme zokushisa.

3. Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile:

Ozibuthe be-NdFeB basebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, futhi ukuqoqwa nokwelashwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kunomthelela othile emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuthola ezinye izinto zokwakha noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile ukuze kuzuzwe intuthuko esimeme kakhudlwana.

4. Ukunwetshwa kwezinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza:

Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko ezidingekayo, omagnethi be-NdFeB kulindeleke ukuthi basetshenziswe emikhakheni eyengeziwe, njengezimoto zikagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya, isiqandisi kazibuthe, njll.

5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto kazibuthe:

Inkambiso yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukuhlanganisa ozibuthe be-neodymium nezinye izinto ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwabo futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukiswa kozibuthe be-neodymium esikhathini esizayo kuzogxila ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe, amandla okuphoqeleka kanye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, nokwandisa izinkambu zokufaka isicelo ukuze kuzuzwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi kanye nentuthuko esimeme kakhudlwana.

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