Ozibuthe be-Neodymium, ababuye baziwe ngokuthi yi-NdFeB noma omazibuthe bomhlaba abayivelakancane, sebeyitshe legumbi lobuchwepheshe besimanje. Uhambo lwabo olusuka ekusungulweni luye ekusetshenzisweni okusabalele luwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokuphishekela ngokungakhathali kwezinto ezisebenza ngempumelelo nezinamandla.

Ukusungulwa Kwezibuthe Ze-Neodymium

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium baqala ukuthuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ngenxa yemizamo yokwakha omazibuthe abaqinile abangapheli. Ukusungulwa kwakuwumzamo wokusebenzisana phakathi kweGeneral Motors kanye neSumitomo Special Metals. Abacwaningi babefuna uzibuthe ongangena esikhundleni sikazibuthe we-samarium-cobalt, ayenamandla kodwa abizayo futhi okunzima ukuwakhiqiza.

Ukuphumelela kweza nokutholakala kokuthi ingxubevange ye-neodymium, insimbi, ne-boron (NdFeB) ingakhiqiza uzibuthe onamandla amakhulu nakakhulu ngengxenyana yezindleko. Lo uzibuthe omusha wawungenamandla nje kuphela kunabandulelayo kodwa futhi wawuchichima kakhulu ngenxa yokutholakala okuhlobene kwe-neodymium uma kuqhathaniswa nesamarium. Ozibuthe bokuqala be-neodymium bezentengiselwano bakhiqizwa ngo-1984, okuphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha kumagnetics.

Intuthuko kanye Nokuthuthukiswa

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuye kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukisweni kozibuthe be-neodymium. Izinguqulo zangaphambili zazisengozini yokugqwala futhi zinamazinga okushisa aphansi aphezulu okusebenza. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, abakhiqizi bakha izimbotshana ezihlukahlukene, njenge-nickel, i-zinc, ne-epoxy, ukuvikela odonsa emonakalweni wemvelo. Ukwengeza, intuthuko enqubweni yokukhiqiza ivumele ukwakhiwa kozibuthe abanokubekezelelana okunembe kakhudlwana nokuzinza okukhulu kazibuthe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kozibuthe be-neodymium abahlanganisiwe, okubandakanya ukushumeka izinhlayiya ze-NdFeB ku-matrix ye-polymer, kuphinde kwanweba ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lezi zibuthe eziboshiwe azihlakaniphi futhi zingabunjwa zibe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, zinikeze ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe komklamo konjiniyela.

Izicelo Zanamuhla

Namuhla, omazibuthe be-neodymium bakhona yonke indawo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yamandla abo aphakeme nokuguquguquka. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zihlanganisa:

Ezogesi:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium bayizingxenye ezibalulekile emishinini eminingi yesimanje kagesi, okuhlanganisa ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha, nama-headphone. Ubukhulu bazo obuncane namandla kazibuthe aphezulu kubenza balungele ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahlangene, asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izimoto zikagesi:Ukusebenza kahle namandla amamotho kagesi kuyo yonke into kusukela ezintweni zasendlini kuya ezimotweni zikagesi kuncike kakhulu kuzibuthe ze-neodymium. Ikhono labo lokukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe aqinile endaweni encane liguqule ukwakheka kwezimoto, okwenza izinjini ezihlangene nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha:Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, izibuthe ze-neodymium zisetshenziswa emishinini ye-MRI, izihlinzeki zenhliziyo, namadivayisi wokwelapha kazibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe wabo aqinile abalulekile ekunembeni nasekuthembekeni okudingekayo kubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Amandla Avuselelekayo:Ozibuthe be-Neodymium badlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla ahlanzekile. Asetshenziswa kuma-turbines omoya kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwawo namandla afaka isandla ekukhiqizeni amandla aqhubekayo.

Izicelo zezimboni:Ngaphandle kwama-electronics nemishini yezokwelapha, omazibuthe be-neodymium basetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zezimboni, okuhlanganisa izihlukanisi kazibuthe, imishini yokuphakamisa, nezinzwa. Amandla abo okugcina izakhiwo kazibuthe ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu abenza babaluleke kakhulu ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.

Ikusasa Lamazibuthe e-Neodymium

Njengoba isidingo samadivaysi amancane, asebenza kahle kakhulu siqhubeka sikhula, kanjalo nesidingo somazibuthe abanamandla afana nalawo enziwe nge-neodymium. Abacwaningi okwamanje bahlola izindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavamile zomhlaba ngokwakha ama-alloys amasha nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokutholakala okusimeme kwe-neodymium kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba isidingo somhlaba sikhuphuka.

Ukuvela kozibuthe be-neodymium kusekude ukuphela. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko, laba ozibuthe bakulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke nakakhulu kubuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo, ukushayela uguquko kuzo zonke izimboni nokuba negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo yonke into kusukela ku-electronics abathengi kuya kumandla avuselelekayo.