Imagnethi yeNeodymium, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-NdFeB okanye iimagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ziye zaba lilitye lembombo lobuchwephesha bale mihla. Uhambo lwabo ukusuka ekuyilweni ukuya kwisicelo esibanzi bubungqina bobuchule bomntu kunye nokusukela ngokungapheliyo kwemathiriyeli esebenzayo kunye namandla.

Ukuveliswa kweeMagnethi zeNeodymium

Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium zaqala ukuphuhliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 ngenxa yeenzame zokudala iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezomeleleyo. Ukuveliswa kwaba yinzame yentsebenziswano phakathi kweGeneral Motors kunye neSumitomo Special Metals. Abaphandi babekhangela umazibuthe onokuthatha indawo yeemagnethi zesamarium-cobalt, ezazinamandla kodwa zibiza imali eninzi kwaye kunzima ukuzivelisa.

Impumelelo yeza nokufumanisa ukuba i-alloy ye-neodymium, intsimbi, kunye ne-boron (NdFeB) inokuvelisa umazibuthe onamandla amakhulu ngakumbi ngeqhezu leendleko. Le magnethi intsha yayingenamandla ngakumbi kunangaphambili kodwa yayininzi kakhulu ngenxa yokufumaneka kwe-neodymium xa kuthelekiswa nesamarium. Iimagnethi zokuqala ze-neodymium zorhwebo zaveliswa ngo-1984, ziphawula ukuqala kwexesha elitsha kwiimagnethi.

Uphuhliso kunye noPhuculo

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kuye kwenziwa inkqubela phambili enkulu kwimveliso kunye nokuphuculwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium. Iinguqulelo zangaphambili bezinokonakala kwaye bezinobushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza. Ukujongana nale miba, abavelisi bavelisa iingubo ezahlukeneyo, njenge-nickel, i-zinc, kunye ne-epoxy, ukukhusela imagnethi emonakalweni wendalo. Ukongeza, ukuqhubela phambili kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kuvumele ukwenziwa kweemagnethi ezinokunyamezela okuchanekileyo kunye nokuzinza okukhulu kwemagneti.

Ukuphuhliswa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium ezidibeneyo, ezibandakanya ukubethelela amasuntswana e-NdFeB kwi-matrix ye-polymer, iye yandisa ngakumbi uluhlu lwezicelo. Ezi magnethi zibotshiweyo azinabunkunkqele kwaye zinokubunjwa zibe ziimo ezintsonkothileyo, zibonelela ngobubhetyebhetye boyilo ngakumbi kwiinjineli.

Usetyenziso lwangoku

Namhlanje, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zikho kuyo yonke indawo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezinye zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ziquka:

I-Electronics:Imagnethi yeNeodymium zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ezininzi zombane zanamhlanje, kubandakanya ii-smartphones, iikhompyuter, kunye nee-headphones. Ubungakanani babo obuncinci kunye namandla amakhulu omagnetic abenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-compact, izixhobo zokusebenza okuphezulu.

IiMoto zoMbane:Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla eenjini zombane kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizinto zasekhaya ukuya kwizithuthi zombane zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimagnethi ze-neodymium. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuvelisa imimandla eyomeleleyo yemagnethi kwindawo encinci iye yaluguqula uyilo lweemoto, ivumela iimotor ezixineneyo nezisebenzayo.

Izixhobo zonyango:Kwicandelo lezonyango, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa koomatshini be-MRI, iipacemakers, kunye nezixhobo zonyango lwemagnethi. Amandla ombane anamandla abalulekile ekuchanekeni nasekuthembekeni okufunekayo kubuchwephesha bezonyango.

Umoya ovuselelekayo:Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla acocekileyo. Zisetyenziswa kwiiinjini zomoya kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, apho ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla abo negalelo ekuveliseni amandla azinzileyo.

Izicelo zoShishino:Ngaphaya kombane kunye nezixhobo zonyango, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, kubandakanya izahluli zemagnethi, oomatshini bokuphakamisa, kunye nezinzwa. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina iipropathi zamagnetic phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso.

Ikamva leMagnet yeNeodymium

Njengoko imfuno yezixhobo ezincinci, ezisebenzayo ziqhubeka nokukhula, kuya kuba njalo nemfuno yeemagnethi ezinamandla ezifana nezo zenziwe kwi-neodymium. Abaphandi ngoku bahlola iindlela zokunciphisa ukuthembela kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokuphuhlisa i-alloys entsha kunye neendlela zokuvelisa. Ukongeza, ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kunye nokugcinwa kokukhangela i-neodymium kuya kubaluleke ngakumbi njengoko imfuno yehlabathi inyuka.

Ukuvela kweemagnethi ze-neodymium kusekude ukuphela. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, ezi magnethi zikulungele ukudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kubuchwepheshe bexesha elizayo, ukuqhuba ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kuwo wonke amashishini kunye negalelo kwinkqubela phambili kuyo yonke into ukusuka kubathengi be-elektroniki ukuya kumandla ahlaziyekayo.