Ulahla njani imagnethi ye-neodymium?

Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngolungiselelo, ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemagnethi ye-neodymium. Njengemathiriyeli enexabiso elibalulekileyo lesicelo,iimagnethi ze-neodymiumzisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electronics, motors, sensors magnetic kunye nezinye iinkalo. Iimagnethi ze-Neodymium zitsale ingqalelo ebanzi kwiipropathi zazo zemagneti ezigqwesileyo, uzinzo oluhle lobushushu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Kweli nqaku, siza kuqala sibonise inkcazo esisiseko yeemagnethi ze-neodymium, kubandakanya iimpawu kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Emva koko, siya kuxubusha nzulu inkqubo yokulungiselela imagnethi ye-neodymium, kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, indlela ye-powder metallurgy kunye ne-metal plating, njl njl. Ukongeza, siya kuxoxa ngokusetyenzwa kunye noyilo lokumila kweemagnethi ze-neodymium, kunye nonyango lomphezulu. kunye nokhuseleko. Okokugqibela, siya kwazisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium, kwaye sijonge phambili kuphuhliso lwabo lwexesha elizayo. Ngokufunda eli nqaku, ndiyathemba ukunika abafundi isikhokelo sokuqonda nzulu kolwazi olusisiseko kunye nokusetyenziswa okunxulumene nemagnethi ye-neodymium.

1.1 Izicelo kunye nokubaluleka kweeMagnet zeNeodymium

Namhlanje, iimagnethi ze-neodymium zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba kuthathelwe indawo iimagnethi zentsimbi ezisulungekileyo, imagnethi yealnico kunye nesamarium cobalt kwiindawo ezininzi ezinje ngeenjini zombane, izixhobo kunye neemitha, ishishini lemoto, ishishini lepetrochemical kunye neemveliso zemagnethi zokhathalelo lwempilo. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo: ezifana nemagnethi yediski, iimagnethi zeringi, iimagnethi ezixande, iimagnethi zearc kunye nezinye iimilo zemagnethi.

Imagnethi ye-Neodymium ifumaneka kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki zemihla ngemihla, ezinje ngee-hard drives, iiselfowuni, ii-earphones, njl.njl. Imagnethi ye-Neodymium idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwintsimi ye-audio yobungcali. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci kunye nobunzima bokukhanya kwemagnethi ye-neodymium, i-magnetic flux inkulu. Ke ngoko, ifaneleke kakhulu ukuqiniswa kwesandi kwizigaba zentsebenzo yobuchwephesha kunye namabala emidlalo amakhulu. Phakathi kweempawu zayo ezininzi zobuchwephesha bomsindo, i-TM brand audio audio iphuhlise iintlobo ngeentlobo zomgangatho ophezulu weyunithi yemagnethi ye-neodymium ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu lemifuniselo, kwaye yaphucula iyunithi yesandi yoluhlu lwemveli ukuphuhlisa i-LA-102F, enegunya eliphezulu kunye nesakhiwo esihlangeneyo. . , Ubunzima bokukhanya i-neodymium yeyunithi yemagnethi yomgca wesithethi soluhlu lokusebenza.

Iimagnethi ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Iimagnethi ziza ngokwemilo eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu kunye namanqanaba omelela. Oku kunokubhida kakhulu xa uthatha isigqibo malunga namandla emagnethi oyifunayo kwiprojekthi yakho. Phakathi kweemagnethi ezikhoyo emhlabeni namhlanje, imagnethi ye-neodymium ifumene ingqwalasela eninzi, kwaye abantu abaninzi baye baqaphela ukubaluleka kweemagnethi ze-neodymium ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle.

I-Neodymium sisisiseko sesinyithi esinqabileyo somhlaba esisebenza njengemagnethi enamandla. Zibhekwa njengezona zinamandla ngokumalunga nomgangatho wazo. Nditsho neyona mazibuthe incinci ye-neodymium inamandla okuxhasa iwaka eliphindwe kangangobunzima bayo. I-Neodymium ifikeleleka ngokupheleleyo nakwimagnethi eyomeleleyo. Ezi zizathu ziye zandisa ukuthandwa kwale magnethi, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

I-China ngoku lelona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle kwe-NdFeB likhulu ehlabathini. Bahlangabezana malunga nama-80% eemfuno zehlabathi. Ukusukela ekufumaneni kwayo ngeminyaka yoo-1970, imfuno yayo ifumene ukukhula okubonakalayo. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi ze-NIB, kwibakala lemagnethi, ibakala labo lemagnethi liphakathi kwe-N35 ukuya ku-N54. Amandla kazibuthe ahlengahlengiswa ngumenzi ngokweemfuno zabo.(Cofa apha ukuze ufumane imiyalelo yomlinganiselo wemagnethi)

Iimagnethi zeNeodymium zisesichengeni sokwahluka kobushushu kwaye zinokuphulukana nobushushu kumaqondo aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimagnethi ezikhethekileyo ze-neodymium zinokufumaneka kwihlabathi langoku, ezinokusebenzisa ukusebenza kwazo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Ubunzima obuphantsi bezi magnethi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimagnethi ziyachukumisa amashishini azisebenzisayo.

1.2 Isishwankathelo esisisiseko seemagnethi ze-neodymium

A. Imagnethi yeNeodymium sisixhobo semagnethi esinqabileyo somhlaba esenziwe yi-neodymium, intsimbi kunye neboron. Inefomula yeekhemikhali i-Nd2Fe14B kwaye yenye yezona zinto zinamandla ezifumanekayo kwintengiso yemagnethi.

B. Imagnethi yeNeodymium inezi mpawu zilandelayo kunye neempawu:

Iimpawu zeMagnetic: Imagnethi yeNeodymium inemveliso yamandla kazibuthe ephezulu kakhulu kunye namandla anyanzelayo, ebenza bakwazi ukuvelisa umhlaba onamandla kakhulu. Sesinye sezona zixhobo zinamandla zemagnethi esisigxina ngoku kwisicelo sorhwebo.

Uzinzo lweThermal: Imagnethi yeNeodymium inobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwaye ihlala isebenza ngokuzinzileyo kuluhlu lweCelsius. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zayo zemagneti ziyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe xa ubushushu budlula ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza.

Ukumelana nokubola: Ngenxa yentsimbi equlethwe kwimagnethi ye-neodymium, iyonakalisa ioksijini kunye namanzi. Ke ngoko, ukugquma komphezulu okanye olunye unyango olukhuselayo luhlala lufuneka kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

2.1 Inkqubo yokulungiswa kwemagnethi ye-neodymium

A. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: Izinto eziluhlaza ezifana neodymium, isinyithi kunye ne-boron zilungiswa ngomlinganiselo othile, kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali luyenziwa.

1. Isinyithi somgubo: Yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokulungiselela imagnethi ye-neodymium.

2. Ukulungiswa komgubo: Xuba iipowders zemathiriyeli ekrwada ngokomlinganiselo othile, kwaye uvelise umgubo wamacandelo ekujoliswe kuwo ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali okanye iindlela eziphathekayo.

3. I-alloying: Beka umgubo kwisithando somlilo esiphezulu, kwaye uqhube ukusabela kwe-alloying phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokushisa kunye ne-atmosphere ukuze wenze i-alloy kunye nokwakheka okufanayo. Ukucinezela: I-alloy powder ifakwe kwi-mold kwaye icinezelwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ukwenza umazibuthe onemilo kunye nobukhulu obufunwayo.

4. I-Sintering: faka umazibuthe ocinezelweyo kwiziko lokutshisa, kunye ne-sinter phantsi kweemeko ezithile zobushushu kunye ne-atmospheric ukuze ukhanye kwaye ufumane iimpawu ezifunekayo zemagnethi.

Indlela yokubeka isinyithi: Umphezulu wezixhobo zemagnethi ye-neodymium udla ngokufuna ukucolwa ukuze ukonyuse ukuxhathisa komhlwa kunye nokuphucula inkangeleko.

D. Olunye ubuchule bokulungiselela: Ukongeza kwisinyithi somgubo kunye nentsimbi, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokulungiselela imagnethi ye-neodymium, njengokutshiza isisombululo, ukunyibilika njalo njalo.

2.3 Ukwenziwa kunye noYilo lweMilo yeeMagnet zeNeodymium

A. Itekhnoloji yokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo: Imagnethi ye-Neodymium inobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuqina, ngoko ke ubugcisa obukhethekileyo bokucubungula buyafuneka kwinkqubo yokucubungula, njengokusika ucingo, i-EDM, njl.

B. Ukusetyenziswa kunye noYilo lweMagnethi yeNeodymium kwiiMilo ezahlukeneyo:Umjikelo, Isikwere, kunye neBar Neodymium Magnets: Ezi iimilo zeemagnethi zeNeodymium ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zezivamvo, iimotor, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.Iimagnethi ezineodymium ezinemilo eyodwa: Ngokweemfuno zesicelo esithile kunye neemfuno zoyilo, iimagnethi ezahlukeneyo ezinokwakheka okukhethekileyo ze-neodymium zinokuyilwa kwaye zenziwe. Usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo kunye noludityanisiweyo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium: Imagnethi yeNeodymium inokudityaniswa nezinye izinto, ezinje ngentsimbi yentsimbi, idityaniswe nezinye iimagnethi, njl njl.

3. Unyango lomphezulu kunye nokukhuselwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium

A. Ukwambathisa umphezulu: Iingubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-nickel plating, i-galvanizing, ipeyinti yokutshiza, njl.

B. I-Anti-rust kunye ne-anti-corrosion treatment: Umphezulu wemagnethi ye-neodymium kufuneka ube nonyango oluchasayo ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-anti-corrosion ukuze yandise ubomi bayo benkonzo.

C. Ukufakwa kunye nokupakishwa: Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, imagnethi ye-neodymium ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ifakwe okanye ipakishwe ukukhusela ukuvuza kwamagnetic kunye nempembelelo yendawo yangaphandle.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweemagnethi ze-neodymium

1. Imisebenzi kunye nemimandla yesicelo: Imagnethi yeNeodymium isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electronics, motors, sensors magnetic, i-aerospace kunye namanye amasimi, ibonelela ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo zemagnethi kula mashishini.ulungelelwaniso olungaqhelekanga umazibuthe olumileinkonzo.）
2. Amanyathelo okhuseleko okusetyenziswa: Xa usebenzisa imagnethi ye-neodymium, kuyafuneka ukuba uthathele ingqalelo ubuqhophololo bayo kunye neempawu ezinamandla zemagnethi, kwaye unqande izinto ezinokuyonakalisa, njengokungqubana, ukungcangcazela kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
3. Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kunye neendlela zokulungisa: Ngexesha lokugcinwa kwexesha elide, iimagnethi ze-neodymium kufuneka zigcinwe kude namanzi kunye neendawo zokufuma eziphezulu. Kwiimagnethi ze-neodymium ezisetyenziswayo, zinokucocwa kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuzinzileyo.

Ukuququmbela:

Ngesishwankathelo seli nqaku, sinokuqonda amanqaku aphambili okulungiswa, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemagnethi ye-neodymium.

B. Kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwemagnethi ye-neodymium, ubuchule obutsha bokulungiselela kunye neendlela zonyango lomphezulu zingaphononongwa ngakumbi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye noluhlu lwesicelo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiindawo ezivelayo.