Waa maxay Agabka Magnetka ee kala duwan?

Magnetism, xoogga aasaasiga ah ee dabiiciga ah, ayaa ka muuqda qalab kala duwan, mid kasta oo leh sifooyin gaar ah iyocodsiyada magent. Fahamka noocyada kala duwan ee agabka magnetic ayaa muhiim u ah dhinacyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan fiisigiska, injineernimada, iyo tignoolajiyada. Aynu u dhex galno aduunka xiisaha leh ee agabka birlabeedka oo aynu sahamino sifadooda, kala soocidooda, iyo adeegsigooda la taaban karo.

1. Qalabka Ferromagnetic:

Qalabka Ferromagnetic waxay muujinayaan xoog iyomagnetization joogto ah, xitaa haddii maqnaanshaha dhul magnetic dibadda ah. Birta, nikkel, iyo kobalt waa tusaalayaal qadiimi ah oo ah walxaha ferromagnetic. Qalabkani waxa ay leeyihiin daqiiqado birlab ah oo iskood isku toosan, kuwaas oo abuuraya dhul birlabeedka guud. Qalabka Ferromagnetic waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa codsiyada sida aaladaha kaydinta magnetic, matoorada korontadu, iyo transformers sababtoo ah sifooyinkooda magnetic adag.

2. Qalabka Paramagnetic:

Alaabta Paramagnetic ayaa si daciif ah loogu soo jiitaa meelaha magnetic waxayna soo bandhigaan magnetization ku meel gaar ah marka ay la kulmaan goobahaas. Si ka duwan maaddooyinka ferromagnetic, walxaha paramagnetic ma sii hayaan magnetization marka goobta dibadda laga saaro. Walxaha sida aluminium, platinum, iyo oksijiin waa paramagnetic sababtoo ah joogitaanka elektaroonigga aan la wadaagin, kuwaas oo la jaan qaadaya goobta magnetka dibadda laakiin dib ugu noqda jihada random marka goobta laga saaro. Qalabka Paramagnetic waxay ka helaan codsiyada mashiinnada sawir-qaadista magnetic (MRI), halkaasoo jawaabtooda daciifka ah ee meelaha magnetic ay faa'iido u leedahay.

3. Qalabka diamagnetic:

Alaabta diamagnetic, si ka duwan ferromagnetic iyo walxaha paramagnetic, ayaa lagu celiyaa meelaha magnetic. Marka ay soo gaadhaan goob birlabeed ah, agabka diamagnetic waxa ay abuurmaan goob birlabeed daciif ah oo ka soo horjeeda, taas oo keenaysa in laga fogeeyo isha goobta. Tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee alaabta diamagnetic waxaa ka mid ah naxaas, bismuth, iyo biyo. Iyadoo saamaynta diamagnetic uu yahay mid daciif ah marka la barbar dhigo feromagnetism iyo paramagnetism, waxay leedahay saameyn lama huraan ah oo ku saabsan dhinacyada sida sayniska qalabka iyo farsamada levitation.

4. Qalabka Ferrimagnetic:

Alaabta Ferrimagnetic waxay soo bandhigaan dabeecad birlabeed la mid ah walxaha ferromagnetic laakiin leh astaamo birlabeed oo kala duwan. Qalabka ferrimagnetic, laba qaybood oo hoose oo daqiiqado magnetic ah ayaa toosan jihooyin iska soo horjeeda, taas oo keentay daqiiqad magnetic saafi ah. Qaabayntani waxa ay keentaa magnetization joogto ah, in kasta oo uu caadi ahaan ka daciifsan yahay kan alaabta ferromagnetic. Ferrites, oo ah nooc ka mid ah walxaha dhoobada ah oo ay ku jiraan xeryahooda oksaydhka birta, ayaa ah tusaalayaal xusid mudan oo ah walxaha ferrimagnetic. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka elektiroonigga ah, isgaarsiinta, iyo aaladaha mikrowave sababtoo ah sifooyinkooda magnetic iyo korontada.

5. Qalabka Antiferromagnetic:

Alaabooyinka ka-hortagga-magnetic-ka-soo-baxa waxay muujinayaan amarka magnetic-ka kaas oo daqiiqadaha magnet-ka ee kuxiran ay isbarbar-dhigaan midba midka kale, taasoo keentay in la joojiyo guud ahaan daqiiqadaha magnetic. Natiijo ahaan, walxaha antiferromagnetic caadi ahaan ma muujiyaan magnetization macroscopic. Manganese oxide iyo chromium waa tusaaleyaal walxaha antiferromagnetic. In kasta oo laga yaabo inaysan ka helin codsiyada tooska ah ee tignoolajiyada magnetic, walxaha antiferromagnetic waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan cilmi baarista aasaasiga ah iyo horumarinta spintronics, oo ah laan ka mid ah qalabka elektaroonigga ah ee ka faa'iidaysta wareegga elektaroonigga.