Simba reMagineti Inoyerwa Sei?

Magnets anga ari zvinhu zvinonakidza kwemazana emakore, achikwezva masayendisiti uye vanofarira zvakafanana nekugona kwavo kusinganzwisisike kukwezva zvimwe zvinhu. Kubva patsono dzekambasi inotungamira vaongorori vekare kusvika kune yakaoma kunzwisisa yetekinoroji yemazuva ano, magineti anoita basa rakakosha mune dzakasiyana siyana dzehupenyu hwedu. Asi tinoenzanisa sei simba reizvimagnetic fields? Tinoyera sei simba remagineti? Ngationgororei nzira nemidziyo inoshandiswa kuyera simba remagineti.

Magnetic Field Strength

Simba remagineti rinotariswa zvakanyanya neayo magineti, nzvimbo yakatenderedza magineti painonzwika simba rayo. Iyi munda inomiririrwa nemitsara yesimba, inotangira kubva kugomba remagineti rekuchamhembe kusvika kuzasi kwayo. Iyo yakakura kuwanda kwemitsara iyi, ndiko kusimba kwesimba remagineti.

Gauss naTesla: Zvikamu zvekuyera

Kuyera kusimba kwesimba remagineti, masayendisiti anoshandisa maviri ekutanga zvikamu zvekuyera: Gauss naTesla.

Gauss (G): Yakatumidzwa zita remuGermany nyanzvi yemasvomhu nefizikisi Carl Friedrich Gauss, chikwata ichi chinoyera kuzara kwemagineti kana kuti magineti induction. Imwe Gauss yakaenzana naMaxwell imwe pa square centimita. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehudiki hudiki hweGauss, kunyanya mumamiriro azvino, masayendisiti anowanzo shandisa Tesla kune yakasimba magineti minda.

Tesla (T): Yakatumidzwa mukukudza kwemuSerbia-America muvambi uye injiniya wemagetsi Nikola Tesla, chikamu ichi chinomiririra yakakura magineti flux density ichienzaniswa neGauss. Imwe Tesla yakaenzana negumi, 000 Gauss, ichiiita chikamu chinoshanda chekuyera simba remagineti, senge iro rinogadzirwa nemagineti ane simba anoshandiswa mukutsvagisa kwesainzi kana maindasitiri ekushandisa.

Magnetometers

Magnetometers zviridzwa zvakagadzirirwa kuyera simba uye gwara remagineti minda. Midziyo iyi inouya nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamakampasi ari nyore anobatwa nemaoko kusvika kumidziyo yemurabhoritari yakaoma. Heano mamwe marudzi akajairika emagineti anoshandiswa kuyera simba remagineti:

1. Fluxgate Magnetometers: Aya magineti anoshandisa misimboti yemagetsi induction kuyera shanduko mumagineti minda. Iwo anosanganisira imwe kana anopfuura magineti cores akakomberedzwa nemakoiri ewaya. Kana yaiswa kune magineti, macores anove magineti, achipinza chiratidzo chemagetsi mumakoiri, anogona kuyerwa nekugadziriswa kuona kusimba kwesimba remagineti.

2. Hall Effect Magnetometers: Hall effect magnetometers inovimba neHoro mhedzisiro, iyo inotsanangura chizvarwa chemagetsi musiyano (Hall voltage) pane yemagetsi conductor kana yaiswa pasi pemagineti perpendicular kune yazvino kuyerera. Nekuyera iyi voltage, Hall effect magnetometers inogona kuona kusimba kwesimba remagineti.

3. SQUID Magnetometers: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers ari pakati peanonyanya kunzwa magineti anowanikwa. Ivo vanoshanda zvichienderana neiyo quantum zvimiro zve superconductors, zvichivabvumira kuti vaone yakanyanya kusimba magineti minda, kusvika pamwero wefemtoteslas (10 ^ -15 Tesla).

Calibration uye Standardization

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerwa kwakaringana, maginetometers anofanirwa kuve akakwenenzverwa uye akamisikidzwa. Calibration inosanganisira kuenzanisa kubuda kwemagnetometer nesimba rinozivikanwa remagineti kuti utange hukama hwemutsara pakati pekuverenga chiridzwa uye chaiyo magineti. Kumisikidzwa kunovimbisa kuti zviyero zvakatorwa neakasiyana magnetometers anowirirana uye anofananidzwa.

Zvishandiso zveMagnetometry

Iko kugona kuyera simba remagineti nemazvo kune akawanda maapplication munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana:

Geophysics: Magnetometers anoshandiswa kudzidza Earth's magnetic field, iyo inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekugadzirisa uye kuumbwa kwemukati wepasi.

Navigation: Makampasi, rudzi rwemaginetimita, anga ari maturusi akakosha ekufambisa kubva kare, achibatsira vafambisi vezvikepe nevaongorori kuwana nzira yekuyambuka makungwa makuru.

Zvishandiso Sayenzi: Magnetometry inoshandiswa kuratidzamagineti zvinhuuye kudzidza zvivakwa zvavo, zvakakosha pakuvandudza matekinoroji senge magineti ekuchengetedza zvishandiso uye magineti resonance imaging (MRI) michina.

Space Exploration: Magnetometers anoiswa pane spacecraft kuti adzidze magineti emitumbi yekudenga, achipa ruzivo mukuumbwa kwavo uye nhoroondo ye geological.

Mhedziso

Kuyerwa kwesimba remagineti kwakakosha pakunzwisisa maitiro emagineti uye mashandisiro awo munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Kuburikidza nemayuniti akadai seGauss neTesla uye zviridzwa zvakaita semagnetometers, masayendisiti anogona kunyatso kuenzanisa simba remagineti, kugadzira nzira yekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi, kuongorora, uye tsvagiridzo yesainzi. Sezvo manzwisisiro atinoita magineti achiramba achidzika, saizvozvowo kugona kwedu kushandisa simba rayo kubatsira vanhu.