Nigute Imbaraga za Magneti zapimwe?

Magnette zimaze ibinyejana byinshi zishishikaje, zishimisha abahanga nabakunzi hamwe nubushobozi bwabo butangaje bwo gukurura ibikoresho bimwe. Kuva inshinge za compas ziyobora abashakashatsi ba kera kugeza kuburyo bukomeye bwikoranabuhanga rigezweho, magnesi zigira uruhare runini mubice bitandukanye byubuzima bwacu. Ariko twagereranya dute imbaraga zibiamashanyarazi? Nigute dushobora gupima imbaraga za magnesi? Reka twinjire muburyo nibikoresho byakoreshejwe mukugereranya imbaraga za rukuruzi.

Imbaraga za Magnetique

Imbaraga za rukuruzi zigenwa cyane numurima wa rukuruzi, agace gakikije rukuruzi aho bigaragara. Uyu murima ugereranwa numurongo wingufu, uva kumurongo wa magneti mumajyaruguru ugana kumurongo wamajyepfo. Nubucucike bwiyi mirongo, niko imbaraga za magneti zikomera.

Gauss na Tesla: Ibice byo gupima

Kugereranya imbaraga z'umurima wa rukuruzi, abahanga bakoresha ibice bibiri by'ibanze byo gupima: Gauss na Tesla.

Gauss (G): Iri zina ryitiriwe umuhanga mu mibare n’umudage Carl Friedrich Gauss, iki gice gipima ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux cyangwa induction. Gauss imwe ingana na Maxwell imwe kuri santimetero kare. Nyamara, kubera ubunini buke bwa Gauss, cyane cyane mubihe bigezweho, abahanga bakunze gukoresha Tesla mumashanyarazi akomeye.

Tesla (T): Yiswe icyubahiro uwahimbye Seribiya-Amerika na injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi Nikola Tesla, iki gice kigereranya ubucucike bunini bwa magnetiki ugereranije na Gauss. Tesla imwe ihwanye na 10,000 Gauss, bituma iba igikoresho gifatika cyo gupima imirima ikomeye ya magneti, nk'iyakozwe na magnesi zikomeye zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi cyangwa mubikorwa byinganda.

Magnetometero

Magnetometero ni ibikoresho byabugenewe byo gupima imbaraga nicyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti. Ibi bikoresho biza muburyo butandukanye, uhereye kuri compasse yoroshye yintoki kugeza kubikoresho bya laboratoire bihanitse. Hano hari ubwoko bumwe bwa magnetometero bukoreshwa mugupima imbaraga za magneti:

1. Fluxgate Magnetometero: Izi magnetometero zikoresha amahame yo kwinjiza amashanyarazi kugirango bapime impinduka mumashanyarazi. Zigizwe na cores imwe cyangwa nyinshi za rukuruzi zikikijwe na coil ya wire. Iyo ihuye numurima wa rukuruzi, ingirangingo zihinduka magnet, bigatera ikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi muri coil, gishobora gupimwa no guhindurwa kugirango hamenyekane imbaraga zumurima wa rukuruzi.

2. Ingero za Magnetometero: Ingero za magnetometero zishingira ku ngaruka za Hall, zisobanura kubyara itandukaniro rya voltage (Hall voltage) hejuru yumuyoboro wamashanyarazi iyo ikorewe umurima wa magneti perpendicular kumugezi uriho. Mugupima iyi voltage, Hall effet magnetometero irashobora kumenya imbaraga zumurima wa magneti.

3. SQUID Magnetometero: Ibikoresho bya superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometero biri mubintu bya magnetometero byoroshye bihari. Bakora bashingiye kumiterere ya kwant ya superconductor, ibemerera gutahura imirima ya magneti idakomeye cyane, kugeza kurwego rwa femtotelas (10 ^ -15 Tesla).

Calibration na Standardisation

Kugirango hamenyekane ibipimo nyabyo, magnetometero zigomba guhindurwa neza kandi zisanzwe. Calibration ikubiyemo kugereranya ibisohoka bya magnetometero nimbaraga zizwi za magnetiki zumurima kugirango habeho isano iri hagati yo gusoma igikoresho nigiciro nyacyo cya magneti. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko ibipimo byafashwe hamwe na magnetometero zitandukanye bihuye kandi bigereranywa.

Porogaramu ya Magnetometrie

Ubushobozi bwo gupima imbaraga za magnetique imbaraga zukuri zifite porogaramu nyinshi mubice bitandukanye:

Geofiziki: Magnetometero zikoreshwa mukwiga umurima wa rukuruzi wisi, utanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeye imiterere nimiterere yimbere yisi.

Kugenda: Compasses, ubwoko bwa magnetometero, byabaye ibikoresho byingenzi byo kugenda kuva kera, bifasha abasare nabashakashatsi kubona inzira banyuze mumyanyanja manini.

Ubumenyi: Magnetometrie ikoreshwa mukurangaibikoresho bya rukuruzikandi wige imiterere yabyo, nibyingenzi mugutezimbere tekinoloji nkibikoresho byo kubika magnetiki hamwe na mashini ya magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere.

Umwanzuro

Ibipimo byimbaraga za magnetique ningirakamaro mugusobanukirwa imyitwarire ya magnesi nibisabwa mubice bitandukanye. Binyuze mu bice nka Gauss na Tesla n'ibikoresho nka magnetometero, abahanga barashobora kugereranya neza imbaraga z'umurima wa magneti, bigatanga inzira yo gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi, n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Mugihe imyumvire yacu ya magnetisme ikomeje kwiyongera, niko n'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukoresha imbaraga zabwo kubwinyungu zabantu.