Kugaragaza Magneti akomeye

 Niki Mubyukuri gitanga Magneti Imikorere Yayo ikomeye?

Iyo abahanga mu bya tekinike bavuga ko rukuruzi ari “ikomeye,” ntibikunze gukosorwa ku mubare umwe wihariye uhereye ku rupapuro rwihariye. Imbaraga za magnetique nyazo zituruka kumikoranire yimitungo myinshi mubihe byukuri-kandi ni uku kuvanga gutandukanya imikorere yibikorwa nibikorwa ushobora kwishingikiriza mubikorwa.

Ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano bigena imikorere ya magneti:

Ubwa mbere ni remanence (Br), igereranya flux ya magnetiki magnet igumana iyo imaze gukurwa mumashanyarazi yayo. Bitekerezeho nka magneti yihariye "gukomera" - ubushobozi bwishingiro bugomba gutsimbarara kubikoresho bya ferromagnetiki nyuma yigihe cya mbere cya magnetiki kirangiye. Hatabayeho remanence ihagije, ndetse na rukuruzi yagenewe imbaraga bizarwanira gukomeza kwihagararaho kumunsi-kuwukoresha.

Iyo ukusanyije magnesi zihoraho ziboneka uyumunsi, ubwoko bwa neodymium burigihe busohoka mbere yuburyo bwa gakondo nka ferrite na alnico muribi bipimo byose.

Ubumenyi Bwihishe inyuma ya Neodymium？

Kuva yakubita ibibera mu myaka ya za 1980, magnesi ya neodymium yahinduye uburyo bwo gushushanya aho umwanya ufunganye ariko imbaraga za rukuruzi ntizishobora guhungabana. Ubushobozi bwabo budasanzwe buturuka mubwubatsi bwa atome:

Itondekanya tetragonal itandukanye ya kirisiti muri NdFeB itanga ibikoresho abahanga bita magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Mu buryo bufatika, ibi bivuze ko imiterere ya magnetiki yimbere isanzwe itondekanya icyerekezo cyatoranijwe, ikora imbaraga zidasanzwe zumurima.

Izi magneti zizana remanence nini hamwe nubushake bugaragara kumeza, bibafasha gukomeza imirima ikomeye ya magnetiki mugihe bahagaze kumuvuduko wa demagnetisation. Iyi mikorere iringaniye irerekana akamaro kanini mubikorwa bigenda neza aho ibintu bidakunze kuba byiza.

magnesi ya neodymium irusha cyane samarium-cobalt, alnico, na ferrite bahanganye. Ihungabana ritangaje ryingufu zituma amatsinda yubuhanga atezimbere ibisubizo byoroshye, bikoresha ingufu.

Impamvu Imiterere y'urukiramende ikora neza？

Urukiramende rwa neodymium rukuruzibyagaragaye nkibikunzwe mubice bitandukanye aho imikorere yimiterere igomba kubana nibisabwa bikomeye. Guhagarika kwabo nka geometrie bitanga inyungu zifatika:

Ubuso bunini cyane bushobora guhuza cyane nibikoresho bya ferromagnetiki, bigatera gukomera gukomeye kuruta imiterere igoramye cyangwa idasanzwe irashobora kugerwaho.

Imirongo isukuye hamwe nu mfuruka zityaye byorohereza kwinjiza mubikoresho byinganda nibicuruzwa byabaguzi, byoroshya kwishyiriraho no guhuza.

Isoko ritanga urukiramende rwa neodymium rukuruzi mubyiciro byinshi byimikorere (mubisanzwe N35 kugeza N52) hamwe no gutoranya ibintu bitandukanye (nka nikel, zinc, na epoxy) kugirango bikemure ibidukikije bitandukanye.

Uburyo bwo Gukora Byasobanuwe

Abaproducer muri rusange bahimba magnesi ya neodymium binyuze munzira ebyiri zashyizweho:

Uburyo bwo gucumura butangirana no gushonga ibintu bibisi, kubihindura ifu nziza, guhuza munsi ya magnetique, hanyuma gucumura no gutunganya neza. Iyi nzira igera ku mikorere ya magnetiki ariko isaba kugenzura byimazeyo imikurire ya microscopique mugihe cyose cyaremwe.

Umusemburo wa magneti uhujwe uhuza ibice bya magnetiki hamwe na pulasitike mbere yo kubumba. Ibisohoka bya magneti, nubwo bitoroshye kandi bigahinduka-muburyo busanzwe, mubisanzwe byerekana imbaraga za magneti nkeya ugereranije na verisiyo yacumuye.

Kuri magnetiki ya neodymium y'urukiramende, abakora inganda bashingira cyane kuburyo bwo gucumura kuko ubwo buhanga bugumana ibipimo nyabyo mugihe byemeza ibisubizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru - bibiri-bigomba kuba bifite ibyifuzo byumwuga.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bifatika

Mugihe impapuro zisobanutse zitanga ubuyobozi bufasha, ibidukikije byukuri byerekana impinduka zinyongera:

Imashini isanzwe ya neodymium itangira guhura na magnetiki ihoraho iyo ubushyuhe burenze 80 ° C. Kubushuhe bushushe, abayikora bategura amanota adasanzwe arimo dysprosium cyangwa inyongera ya terbium.

Bare NdFeB magnesi ikomeza kwibasirwa n'ingese. Ubuso burinda ibintu buva mubintu byongeweho kubushake buteganijwe, cyane cyane mubidukikije cyangwa imiti ikora.

Nubwo imbaraga za rukuruzi zabo, magnesi ya neodymium yerekana ubugome bugaragara. Kutitonda cyangwa ingaruka mugihe cyo gushiraho birashobora kubyara chip cyangwa kuvunika, bisaba imyitozo yo gushiraho nkana.

Ahantu ho gusaba

Ubukwe bukomeye bwububiko bukomeye bwa magnetique hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera gikora umwanya bituma magneti urukiramende rwa neodymium rukwiranye neza nuburyo bukoreshwa:

Ibigo bya elegitoroniki byabashyize mu bavuga, ibikoresho byo kubika, hamwe na sensor aho umutungo utimukanwa uri muke.

Sisitemu yo gukoresha uruganda ibubaka mubikoresho byo gutandukanya, ibikoresho bitunganya neza, hamwe nibice bikurikirana.

Abashinzwe ibinyabiziga babahitamo uburyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi, ingufu za EV, hamwe nibikorwa byo kumva.

Imashanyarazi yumuyaga uyikoresha mumashanyarazi aho kwiringirwa no kubara ingufu zibara.

Abashinzwe ibikoresho byubuvuzi babinjiza muri sisitemu yo gufata amashusho nibikoresho byihariye byo gukora.

Ingamba zo Guhitamo Ubwenge

Guhitamo rukuruzi nziza bikubiyemo guhuza ibintu byinshi:

Nubwo amanota ya premium atanga imbaraga nyinshi, akenshi yerekana intege nke. Rimwe na rimwe guhitamo bimwe binini, urwego rwo hasi-rukuruzi rutanga kuramba kurwego rwo hejuru hamwe nubukungu.

Ibidukikije bikora bigomba guhitamo guhitamo. Abashinzwe iterambere bagomba gusuzuma uburyo bushobora guhura nubushuhe, ibintu byangirika, hamwe no kwangirika kumubiri mugihe batoraguye birinda.

Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nabaproducer batanga ibyitegererezo byukuri, inyuma ya prototyping yuzuye, kandi bagabana ubumenyi bwa tekiniki kugirango banonosore ibishushanyo mbonera haba mumikorere n'umutekano.

Imyitozo Yingenzi Yumutekano

Imbaraga zigaragara ziyi magnesi zizana ibyifuzo byihariye byo gukemura:

Gukurura kwabo birashobora kubyara ibikomere bikomeye cyangwa kubyara uduce duto niba magnesi zihuye mugihe cya manipulation.

Bika magnesi zikomeye kure ya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byubuvuzi byatewe, hamwe nububiko bwa magneti kugirango wirinde ingaruka cyangwa guhungabana.

Koresha ubudahwema ibikoresho byumutekano - cyane cyane inkweto zidashobora guhangana ningaruka hamwe na gants zo mu nganda - mugihe ushyira cyangwa ucunga izo magneti.

Igipimo nyacyo cyimbaraga za Magnetique

"Magnet ikomeye" rwose itanga imibare ishimishije ya laboratoire - itanga imikorere yizewe mubikorwa byukuri. Urukiramende rwa neodymium rukuruzi rwabonye umwanya rukwiye nkibintu byatoranijwe gukoreshwa bisaba imbaraga za rukuruzi zikomeye, ibipimo bifatika, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye. Mugusobanukirwa neza imbaraga zabo, imbogamizi, nibikorwa byiza, abahanga mubuhanga hamwe nabashinzwe kugura barashobora kugera kumyanzuro iboneye iteza imbere ibicuruzwa nibikorwa.

Kubikorwa bya magnetiki yihariye - cyane cyane abakoresha magnetiki ya neodymium - gushiraho umubano wubufatanye nabatanga ubunararibonye bwa magneti mubisanzwe bitanga umusaruro ushimishije mubikorwa bya tekiniki nagaciro kumushinga.