Kodi Mitundu Yamaginito Yosiyanasiyana Ndi Chiyani?

Magnetism, mphamvu yofunikira yachilengedwe, imawonekera muzinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komansomapulogalamu a magent. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito ndikofunikira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza physics, engineering, and technology. Tiyeni tifufuze za dziko lochititsa chidwi la zida za maginito ndikuwona mawonekedwe ake, magulu awo, ndi ntchito zake.

1. Ferromagnetic Zida:

Zida za Ferromagnetic zimawonetsa zolimba komanso zolimbamagnetization okhazikika, ngakhale kulibe mphamvu ya maginito yakunja. Iron, faifi tambala, ndi cobalt ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba za zida za ferromagnetic. Zidazi zimakhala ndi nthawi ya maginito yomwe imayendera mbali imodzi, ndikupanga mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito. Zipangizo za Ferromagnetic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu monga zida zosungira maginito, ma mota amagetsi, ndi ma transfoma chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamaginito.

2. Paramagnetic Zida:

Zida za paramagnetic zimakopeka mofooka ndi maginito ndikuwonetsa kwakanthawi maginito zikakumana ndi minda yotere. Mosiyana ndi zida za ferromagnetic, zida za paramagnetic sizisunga maginito pomwe gawo lakunja lichotsedwa. Zinthu monga aluminiyamu, platinamu, ndi okosijeni ndi paramagnetic chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma elekitironi osalumikizana, omwe amalumikizana ndi mphamvu yakunja ya maginito koma amabwereranso kumalo osasinthika munda ukachotsedwa. Zida za paramagnetic zimapeza ntchito pamakina a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pomwe kuyankha kwawo mofooka ku maginito kumakhala kopindulitsa.

3. Zida za Diamagnetic:

Zida za diamagnetic, mosiyana ndi zida za ferromagnetic ndi paramagnetic, zimathamangitsidwa ndi maginito. Zikakumana ndi mphamvu ya maginito, zida za diamagnetic zimapanga mphamvu yamphamvu yolimbana ndi maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikankhidwe kutali ndi komwe kumachokera. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za zida za diamagnetic zimaphatikizapo mkuwa, bismuth, ndi madzi. Ngakhale mphamvu ya diamagnetic imakhala yofooka poyerekeza ndi ferromagnetism ndi paramagnetism, imakhala ndi zofunikira pamagulu monga sayansi yazinthu ndi ukadaulo wa levitation.

4. Ferrimagnetic Zida:

Zida za Ferrimagnetic zimawonetsa machitidwe a maginito ofanana ndi zida za ferromagnetic koma zokhala ndi maginito apadera. Muzinthu za ferrimagnetic, ma sublattice awiri a nthawi ya maginito amalumikizana mbali zosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi ya maginito. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maginito azitha, ngakhale amakhala ofooka kuposa azinthu za ferromagnetic. Ferrites, gulu la zida za ceramic zomwe zimakhala ndi iron oxide, ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za zida za ferrimagnetic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi, ma telecommunication, ndi zida za microwave chifukwa cha maginito ndi magetsi.

5. Antiferromagnetic Zida:

Zida za Antiferromagnetic zimawonetsa kuyitanitsa kwa maginito momwe maginito oyandikana nawo amalumikizana ndi wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yonse ya maginito iwonongeke. Zotsatira zake, zida za antiferromagnetic nthawi zambiri siziwonetsa maginito a macroscopic. Manganese oxide ndi chromium ndi zitsanzo za zida za antiferromagnetic. Ngakhale kuti sangapeze ntchito mwachindunji muukadaulo wa maginito, zida za antiferromagnetic zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakufufuza komanso kupanga ma spintronics, nthambi yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma electron.