Cov khoom sib nqus sib txawv yog dab tsi?

Magnetism, ib qho tseem ceeb quab yuam ntawm xwm, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv, txhua tus nrog nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiabmagent applications. Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom sib nqus sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau hom kev lag luam, suav nrog physics, engineering, thiab technology. Cia peb delve rau hauv lub ntiaj teb fascinating ntawm cov khoom sib nqus thiab tshawb txog lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev faib tawm, thiab kev siv tswv yim.

1. Cov khoom siv Ferromagnetic:

Cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic muaj zog thiabruaj khov magnetization, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov sib nqus sab nraud. Hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt yog cov piv txwv classic ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj lub sijhawm sib nqus sib nqus uas sib haum mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia, tsim kom muaj lub zog sib nqus tag nrho. Cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov xws li cov khoom siv sib nqus, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim lawv cov khoom sib nqus zoo.

2. Cov khoom siv Paramagnetic:

Cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic tsis muaj zog txaus nyiam rau cov chaw sib nqus thiab nthuav tawm cov hlau nplaum ib ntus thaum raug cov teb. Tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic, cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic tsis khaws cov hlau nplaum thaum lub teb sab nraud raug tshem tawm. Cov khoom zoo li txhuas, platinum, thiab oxygen yog paramagnetic vim muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, uas ua raws li cov khoom sib nqus sab nraud tab sis rov qab mus rau qhov kev taw qhia random thaum lub teb raug tshem tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic pom cov ntawv thov hauv cov tshuab magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), qhov twg lawv cov lus teb tsis muaj zog rau cov hlau nplaum yog qhov zoo.

3. Cov ntaub ntawv Diamagnetic:

Cov ntaub ntawv diamagnetic, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau ferromagnetic thiab paramagnetic cov ntaub ntawv, yog repelled los ntawm magnetic teb. Thaum raug cov magnetic teb, cov ntaub ntawv diamagnetic tsim ib qho tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv magnetic teb, ua rau lawv raug thawb tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv diamagnetic muaj xws li tooj liab, bismuth, thiab dej. Thaum cov nyhuv diamagnetic tsis muaj zog piv rau ferromagnetism thiab paramagnetism, nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv cov teb xws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.

4. Cov khoom siv Ferrimagnetic:

Cov ntaub ntawv ferimagnetic muaj cov cwj pwm sib nqus zoo ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic tab sis muaj cov khoom sib nqus sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ferrimagnetic, ob lub sublattices ntawm magnetic moments nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia, uas ua rau ib tug net magnetic moments. Qhov kev teeb tsa no ua rau muaj kev sib nqus mus tas li, txawm hais tias feem ntau tsis muaj zog dua li cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic. Ferrites, chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic uas muaj cov hlau oxide sib txuas, yog cov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ferrimagnetic. Lawv tau siv dav hauv electronics, telecommunications, thiab microwave devices vim lawv cov khoom sib nqus thiab hluav taws xob.

5. Cov ntaub ntawv Antiferromagnetic:

Antiferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm magnetic ordering nyob rau hauv uas nyob ib sab magnetic moments dlhos antiparallel rau ib leeg, uas ua rau ib tug tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov magnetic moments. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv antiferromagnetic feem ntau tsis pom macroscopic magnetization. Manganese oxide thiab chromium yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv antiferromagnetic. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav tsis pom cov ntawv thov ncaj qha hauv cov thev naus laus zis sib nqus, cov ntaub ntawv antiferromagnetic ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov spintronics, ib ceg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv cov kiv cua ntawm electrons.