Lub zog ntawm Magnet ntsuas li cas?

Cov hlau nplaum tau ua cov khoom zoo nkauj rau ntau pua xyoo, nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg nyiam nrog lawv lub peev xwm tsis meej los nyiam qee yam khoom. Los ntawm cov koob kab lus qhia cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thaum ub mus rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, cov hlau nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm peb lub neej. Tab sis yuav ua li cas peb ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov nomagnetic teb? Peb ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum li cas? Wb delve rau hauv txoj kev thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

Sib Nqus Field Strength

Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog qhov tsim nyog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws qhov chaw sib nqus, thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas nws lub zog tau hnov. Daim teb no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kab ntawm lub zog, txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov hlau nplaum sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb ncej. Qhov ntau dua qhov ceev ntawm cov kab no, lub zog sib nqus.

Gauss thiab Tesla: Chav ntsuas ntsuas

Txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum, cov kws tshawb fawb siv ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsuas: Gauss thiab Tesla.

Gauss (G): Lub npe tom qab German mathematician thiab physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss, chav tsev no ntsuas qhov sib nqus flux ceev lossis sib nqus induction. Ib Gauss yuav muab ib tug Maxwell ib square centimeter. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov loj me me ntawm Gauss, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv Tesla kom muaj zog sib nqus.

Tesla (T): Lub npe hu ua Serbian-American inventor thiab hluav taws xob engineer Nikola Tesla, chav tsev no sawv cev rau qhov sib nqus flux loj dua piv rau Gauss. Ib Tesla yog sib npaug rau 10,000 Gauss, ua rau nws ua tau zoo dua rau kev ntsuas cov hlau nplaum muaj zog, xws li cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum muaj zog siv hauv kev tshawb fawb lossis kev lag luam.

Magnetometers

Magnetometers yog cov cuab yeej tsim los ntsuas lub zog thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua ntau hom, xws li los ntawm cov khoom siv tes tuav yooj yim mus rau cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj sophisticated. Nov yog qee yam hom magnetometers siv los ntsuas qhov sib nqus lub zog:

1. Fluxgate Magnetometers: Cov hlau nplaum no siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction los ntsuas cov kev hloov hauv cov hlau nplaum. Lawv muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj magnetic cores surrounded los ntawm coils ntawm hlau. Thaum raug cov magnetic teb, cov cores ua magnetized, inducing ib tug hluav taws xob teeb liab nyob rau hauv lub coils, uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas thiab calibrated los txiav txim lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb.

2. Hall Effect Magnetometers: Hall effect magnetometers cia siab rau Hall effect, uas piav qhia txog lub cim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob (Hall voltage) hla cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum raug cov hlau nplaum sib nqus perpendicular rau qhov tam sim no ntws. Los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov voltage, Hall effect magnetometers tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum.

3. SQUID Magnetometers: Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID) magnetometers yog ib qho ntawm cov magnetometers rhiab tshaj plaws muaj. Lawv ua hauj lwm raws li quantum zog ntawm superconductors, tso cai rau lawv mus ntes tsis tshua muaj zog magnetic teb, mus rau theem ntawm femtoteslas (10^-15 Tesla).

Calibration thiab Standardization

Yuav kom ntsuas qhov tseeb, cov hlau nplaum yuav tsum raug ntsuas kom raug thiab ua raws li tus qauv. Calibration suav nrog kev sib piv cov zis ntawm lub magnetometer nrog lub npe hu ua magnetic fields los tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsuas kev nyeem ntawv thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sib nqus qhov tseem ceeb. Standardization xyuas kom meej tias kev ntsuas coj los ntawm cov magnetometers sib txawv yog sib xws thiab sib piv.

Kev siv ntawm Magnetometry

Lub peev xwm los ntsuas qhov sib nqus lub zog kom raug muaj ntau daim ntawv thov thoob plaws ntau yam:

Geophysics: Magnetometers yog siv los kawm txog lub ntiaj teb lub magnetic teb, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv.

Kev taw qhia: Compasses, hom magnetometer, yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev taug kev txij thaum ub, pab cov neeg tsav nkoj thiab cov neeg tshawb nrhiav nrhiav lawv txoj hauv kev hla dej hiav txwv loj.

Khoom siv Science: Magnetometry yog siv los ua tus yam ntxwvCov khoom siv hlau nplaumthiab kawm txog lawv cov khoom, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis xws li cov khoom siv sib nqus thiab cov tshuab magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Kev tshawb nrhiav chaw: Magnetometers raug xa mus rau hauv lub dav hlau los kawm txog kev sib nqus ntawm lub cev saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, muab kev nkag siab txog lawv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab keeb kwm geological.

Xaus

Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib nqus lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab lawv cov kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam. Los ntawm cov koog xws li Gauss thiab Tesla thiab cov cuab yeej zoo li magnetometers, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum, ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis, kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Raws li peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm cov hlau nplaum txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, peb yuav muaj peev xwm los siv nws lub hwj chim rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tib neeg.