He aha nā mea Magnetic like ʻole?

ʻO ka Magnetism, kahi ikaika kumu o ke ʻano, hōʻike ʻia i nā mea like ʻole, kēlā me kēia me kāna mau ʻano ʻokoʻa a menā noi magent. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole no nā kula like ʻole, me ka physics, engineering, a me ka ʻenehana. E ʻimi kākou i ka honua hoihoi o nā mea magnetic a e ʻimi i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana.

1. Nā mea hana Ferromagnetic:

Hōʻike nā mea Ferromagnetic ikaika ahoʻopalekana mau, ʻoiai me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kahua magnetic waho. ʻO ka hao, ka nickel, a me ka cobalt nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā mea ferromagnetic. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea nā manawa magnetic kuʻuna e kū like i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi māla magnetic ikaika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea ferromagnetic i nā noi e like me nā mea mālama magnetic, nā mīkini uila, a me nā mea hoʻololi ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai magnetic.

2. Nā Mea Hana Paramagnetic:

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea Paramagnetic i nā māla magnetic a hōʻike i ka magnetization pōkole ke ʻike ʻia i kēlā mau māla. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ferromagnetic, ʻaʻole paʻa nā mea paramagnetic i ka magnetization i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ke kahua o waho. ʻO nā mea e like me ka aluminika, ka platinum, a me ka oxygen he paramagnetic ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā electrons i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, e kūlike me ke kahua magnetic waho akā e hoʻi hou i nā orientations i ka wā i wehe ʻia ai ke kahua. Loaʻa nā mea Paramagnetic i nā noi i nā mīkini hoʻohālikelike magnetic (MRI), kahi i maikaʻi ai kā lākou pane nāwaliwali i nā māla magnetic.

3. Nā mea hana diamagnetic:

ʻO nā mea diamagnetic, ʻokoʻa me nā mea ferromagnetic a me nā mea paramagnetic, ua hoʻohuli ʻia e nā māla magnetic. Ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi māla magnetic, hoʻomohala nā mea diamagnetic i kahi māla kūʻē kūʻē nāwaliwali, e hoʻokuke ʻia lākou mai ke kumu o ke kula. ʻO nā laʻana maʻamau o nā mea diamagnetic me ke keleawe, bismuth, a me ka wai. ʻOiai ua nāwaliwali ka hopena diamagnetic i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ferromagnetism a me ka paramagnetism, loaʻa iā ia nā hopena koʻikoʻi i nā kula e like me ka ʻepekema waiwai a me ka ʻenehana levitation.

4. Nā mea hana Ferrimagnetic:

Hōʻike nā mea ferrimagnetic i ke ʻano magnetic e like me nā mea ferromagnetic akā me nā waiwai magnetic ʻokoʻa. I loko o nā mea ferrimagnetic, ʻelua sublattices o nā manawa magnetic e align i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa ana i kahi manawa magnetic upena. Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonohonoho i ka magnetization mau, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o nā mea ferromagnetic. ʻO Ferrites, kahi papa o nā mea seramika i loaʻa nā pūhui hao oxide, he mau laʻana kaulana o nā mea ferrimagnetic. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā mea uila, kelepona, a me nā polokalamu microwave ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai magnetic a me nā uila.

5. Mea Antiferromagnetic:

Hōʻike nā mea antiferromagnetic i ke kauoha magnetic kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai nā manawa magnetic e pili ana i ka antiparallel kekahi i kekahi, e hopena i ke kāpae ʻana i ka manawa magnetic holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hōʻike pinepine nā mea antiferromagnetic i ka magnetization macroscopic. ʻO Manganese oxide a me chromium nā laʻana o nā mea antiferromagnetic. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i nā noi pololei i nā ʻenehana magnetic, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea antiferromagnetic i ka noiʻi kumu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o spintronics, kahi lālā o ka uila e hoʻohana ana i ka wili o nā electrons.