Pehea e ana ʻia ai ka ikaika o ka Magnet?

He mau mea hoʻohiwahiwa nā Magnets no nā kenekulia, hoʻopio i nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hoihoi like me ko lākou hiki pohihihi e huki i kekahi mau mea. Mai nā nila panana e alakaʻi ana i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi kahiko a hiki i nā mīkini paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana hou, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā magnet i nā ʻano like ʻole o ko mākou ola. Akā, pehea mākou e helu ai i ka ikaika o kēia mau meanā māhina kila? Pehea mākou e ana i ka mana o nā magnet? E noʻonoʻo kākou i nā ʻano hana a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka ikaika o kahi magnet.

Ka ikaika o ke kahua mākēneki

Hoʻoholo paʻa ʻia ka ikaika o kahi magnet e kona māla magnetic, ka wahi a puni ka magnet kahi e ʻike ʻia ai kona mana. Hōʻike ʻia kēia kahua e nā laina o ka ikaika, e hoʻonui ana mai ka pole ʻākau o ka magnet a i kona pole hema. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau laina, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

ʻO Gauss a me Tesla: Nā ʻāpana o ke ana

No ka helu ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic, hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ʻelua ʻāpana o ke ana: Gauss a me Tesla.

Gauss (G): Kapa ʻia ma hope o ka German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss, e ana kēia ʻāpana i ka mānoanoa magnetic a i ʻole induction magnetic. Ua like kekahi Gauss me hoʻokahi Maxwell no ke kenimika huinaha. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o Gauss, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pōʻaiapili hou, hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻepekema iā Tesla no nā māla magnetic ikaika.

Tesla (T): Kapa ʻia no ka hanohano o ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo Serbian-ʻAmelika a me ka ʻenekini uila ʻo Nikola Tesla, ua hōʻike kēia ʻāpana i ka nui o ka nui o ka flux magnetic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Gauss. Hoʻokahi Tesla like me 10,000 Gauss, e lilo ia i ʻāpana kūpono no ke ana ʻana i nā māla magnetic ʻoi aku ka ikaika, e like me nā mea i hana ʻia e nā magnet ikaika i hoʻohana ʻia i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a i ʻole nā ​​noi ʻoihana.

Mākēneki

ʻO nā magnetometers nā mea hana i hoʻolālā ʻia e ana i ka ikaika a me ke kuhikuhi o nā māla magnetic. Hele mai kēia mau mea hana ma nā ʻano like ʻole, mai nā panana lima lima maʻalahi a i nā lako hana hoʻokolohua maʻalahi. Eia kekahi mau ʻano magnetometers maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

1. Fluxgate Magnetometers: Hoʻohana kēia mau magnetometers i nā loina o ka induction electromagnetic e ana i nā loli i nā māla magnetic. Aia lākou i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā core magnetic i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā wili uea. Ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi māla magnetic, lilo nā cores i magnetized, e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hōʻailona uila i loko o nā coils, hiki ke ana ʻia a calibrated e hoʻoholo ai i ka ikaika o ka māla magnetic.

2. Hall Effect Magnetometers: Ke hilinaʻi nei nā magnetometers Hall effect i ka hopena Hall, e wehewehe ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻokoʻa uila (Hall voltage) ma waena o kahi mea hoʻokele uila ke hoʻokau ʻia i kahi kahua magnetic e kū pono ana i ke kahe o kēia manawa. Ma ke ana ʻana i kēia voltage, hiki i ka Hall effect magnetometers ke hoʻoholo i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic.

3. SQUID Magnetometers: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers kekahi o na magnetometers ko'iko'i loa i loa'a. Hoʻohana lākou ma muli o nā waiwai quantum o nā superconductors, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā māla magnetic nāwaliwali loa, a hiki i ka pae o femtoteslas (10^-15 Tesla).

Hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻohālikelike

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā ana pololei, pono e hoʻoponopono pono ʻia nā magnetometers. ʻO ka calibration ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka pukana o ka magnetometer me ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic e hoʻokumu ai i ka pilina laina ma waena o nā heluhelu a ka mea kani a me nā koina kahua magnetic maoli. Hoʻomaopopo ka standardization i nā ana i lawe ʻia me nā magnetometers like ʻole a kūlike.

Nā noi o Magnetometry

ʻO ka hiki ke ana pono i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic he nui nā noi ma nā ʻano āpau:

Geophysics: Hoʻohana ʻia nā mākaʻikaʻi no ke aʻo ʻana i ke kahua magnetic o ka Honua, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka loko o ka honua.

Hoʻokele: ʻO nā panana, kahi ʻano magnetometer, he mau mea hana pono no ka hoʻokele ʻana mai ka wā kahiko, e kōkua ana i nā luina a me nā mea ʻimi e ʻimi i ko lākou ala ma nā moana ākea.

ʻEpekema Materials: Hoʻohana ʻia ka Magnetometry no ke ʻanomea hoʻopalekanaa e aʻo i kā lākou mau waiwai, pono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana e like me nā mīkini hoʻopaʻa magnetic a me nā mīkini resonance imaging (MRI).

ʻImi Lewa: Hoʻonoho ʻia nā mākaʻikaʻi ma luna o nā moku ākea e aʻo i nā kahua makeke o nā kino lani, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike i kā lākou haku mele a me ka mōʻaukala honua.

Ka hopena

He mea nui ke ana o ka ikaika magnetic no ka hoomaopopo ana i ke ano o na magnets a me ko lakou mau noi ma na kula like ole. Ma o nā ʻāpana e like me Gauss a me Tesla a me nā mea hana e like me nā magnetometers, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke helu pololei i ka ikaika o nā māla magnetic, e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ala no ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ka ʻimi ʻana, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Ke hoʻomau nei ko mākou ʻike ʻana i ka magnetism, pēlā nō ko mākou hiki ke hoʻohana i kona mana no ka pono o ke kanaka.