Yaya Ake Auna Ƙarfin Magnet?

Magnets sun kasance abubuwa masu ban sha'awa tsawon ƙarni, suna jan hankalin masana kimiyya da masu sha'awa iri ɗaya tare da ban mamaki ikon jawo wasu kayan. Daga allurar kamfas da ke jagorantar tsoffin masu bincike zuwa rikitattun hanyoyin fasahar zamani, maganadisu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwarmu. Amma ta yaya za mu ƙididdige ƙarfin waɗannanfilayen maganadisu? Ta yaya za mu auna ƙarfin maganadisu? Bari mu shiga cikin hanyoyin da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don ƙididdige ƙarfin maganadisu.

Ƙarfin Filin Magnetic

Ƙarfin maganadisu yana samuwa ne ta hanyar filin maganadisu, yankin da ke kewaye da maganadisu inda ake jin tasirinsa. Ana wakilta wannan filin da layukan ƙarfi, wanda ya tashi daga sandar igiyar magana ta arewa zuwa sandar kudu. Mafi girman girman waɗannan layin, mafi ƙarfin filin maganadisu.

Gauss da Tesla: Raka'a na Ma'auni

Don ƙididdige ƙarfin filin maganadisu, masana kimiyya suna amfani da raka'a na farko na aunawa: Gauss da Tesla.

Gauss (G): Wanda aka yi masa suna bayan Masanin lissafi kuma masanin kimiyyar lissafi ɗan ƙasar Jamus Carl Friedrich Gauss, wannan rukunin yana auna ƙarfin ƙarfin maganadisu ko shigar da maganadisu. Gauss ɗaya yana daidai da Maxwell ɗaya a kowace santimita murabba'i. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin girman Gauss, musamman a cikin yanayin zamani, masana kimiyya sukan yi amfani da Tesla don filaye masu ƙarfi.

Tesla (T): Wanda aka yi masa suna don girmamawa ga mai ƙirƙira Ba'amurke ɗan Serbia kuma injiniyan lantarki Nikola Tesla, wannan rukunin yana wakiltar mafi girman ƙarfin maganadisu idan aka kwatanta da Gauss. Ɗaya daga cikin Tesla yana daidai da Gauss 10,000, yana mai da shi mafi dacewa naúrar don auna filaye masu ƙarfi, kamar waɗanda ke samar da magneto mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da su a binciken kimiyya ko aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

Magnetometers

Magnetometers kayan aikin da aka ƙera don auna ƙarfi da alkiblar filayen maganadisu. Waɗannan na'urori suna zuwa ta nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, kama daga ƙananan compass na hannu zuwa nagartaccen kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Anan akwai nau'ikan magnetometer na gama gari waɗanda ake amfani da su don auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu:

1. Fluxgate Magnetometers: Waɗannan magnetometer suna amfani da ƙa'idodin shigar da wutar lantarki don auna canje-canje a cikin filayen maganadisu. Sun ƙunshi guda ɗaya ko fiye da muryoyin maganadisu kewaye da naɗaɗɗen waya. Lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa filin maganadisu, muryoyin suna zama magnetized, suna haifar da siginar lantarki a cikin coils, wanda za'a iya aunawa da daidaitawa don sanin ƙarfin filin maganadisu.

2. Hall Effect Magnetometers: Hall tasirin magnetometer sun dogara ne akan tasirin Hall, wanda ke bayyana haɓakar bambancin ƙarfin lantarki (voltage na Hall) a kan madubin lantarki lokacin da aka sa shi da filin maganadisu daidai da magudanar ruwa na yanzu. Ta hanyar auna wannan ƙarfin lantarki, magnetometer sakamako na Hall zai iya ƙayyade ƙarfin filin maganadisu.

3. SQUID Magnetometers: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers suna cikin mafi mahimmancin magnetometer samuwa. Suna aiki ne bisa ga kaddarorin adadi na superconductor, suna ba su damar gano filayen maganadisu masu rauni sosai, har zuwa matakin femtoteslas (10 ^-15 Tesla).

Calibration da Daidaitawa

Don tabbatar da ingantattun ma'auni, magnetometers dole ne a daidaita su daidai da daidaita su. Daidaitawa ya ƙunshi kwatanta fitarwa na magnetometer tare da sanannun ƙarfin filin maganadisu don kafa alakar layi tsakanin karatun kayan aiki da ainihin ƙimar filin maganadisu. Daidaitawa yana tabbatar da cewa ma'aunin da aka ɗauka tare da magnetometer daban-daban sun daidaita kuma suna kama da juna.

Aikace-aikace na Magnetometry

Ikon auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu daidai yana da aikace-aikace da yawa a fagage daban-daban:

Geophysics: Ana amfani da Magnetometers don nazarin filin maganadisu na duniya, wanda ke ba da bayanai masu mahimmanci game da tsari da tsarin ciki na duniya.

Kewayawa: Kwamfuta, nau'in magnetometer, sun kasance kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don kewayawa tun zamanin d ¯ a, suna taimaka wa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da masu bincike su sami hanyarsu ta hanyar manyan tekuna.

Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki: Ana amfani da Magnetometry don siffantawakayan maganadisuda kuma nazarin kaddarorin su, masu mahimmanci don haɓaka fasaha kamar na'urorin ajiya na maganadisu da injunan haɓakar maganadisu (MRI).

Binciken Sararin Samaniya: Ana amfani da na'urori na Magnetometer a kan jiragen sama don nazarin filayen maganadisu na sararin samaniya, suna ba da haske game da abubuwan da suke da shi da kuma tarihin yanayin kasa.

Kammalawa

Auna ƙarfin filin maganadisu yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen maganadisu da aikace-aikacensu a fagage daban-daban. Ta hanyar raka'a irin su Gauss da Tesla da kayan aiki kamar magnetometer, masana kimiyya na iya ƙididdige ƙarfin filayen maganadisu daidai gwargwado, share fagen ci gaba a fasaha, bincike, da binciken kimiyya. Yayin da fahimtarmu game da maganadisu ke ci gaba da zurfafawa, haka ma ikonmu zai yi amfani da ikonsa don amfanin bil'adama.